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当年美国武统时,下手有多狠辣?

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发表于 2023-4-30 08:22:34 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
美国当年为了武统,对分裂分子下手有多狠?180年前,南方的7个州妄图独立,成立美利坚联盟国,以武拒统,以武谋独,为震慑分裂分子,美国政府发动了统一战争。
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我们今天说的啊,是大家都知道的南北战争,但我们不知道的是,当时美国采用的雷霆手段,严格意义上来说,三光政策的起源就来自于当时的美国。 谢尔曼率军攻打南方城市时,北方统帅格兰特给他下了一条著名的命令:发动一场浩劫,毁灭所有对敌人有用的资源!这句话绝对不是杜撰的,而是在美国如雷贯耳,到处都能查到,原文是:create havoc and destruction of all resources that would be beneficial to the enemy.

当时的美国政府,明确要求对军队进行不计后果、不惜代价的毁灭性打击。不仅要消灭有生力量,更要摧毁南方的经济基础和战争潜力,瓦解南方民众的意志。简单来说就是烧光、杀光、抢光! 1864年,谢尔曼率领10万军队,抵达南方城市亚特兰大,亚特兰大只有不到1000民兵,显然打不过,麻溜的开门投降。其实不仅是打不过,关键是美国南方人已经被北方人的狠辣手段吓尿了。

在谢尔曼进军亚特兰大的途中,抢夺了上万头马、牛、骡子等牲畜,焚毁了沿途所有工厂和农庄,抢劫平民的财产,杀死任何有反抗意图的人,总计破坏了400多公里的铁路和桥梁。焚毁农田,炸毁村庄,用石灰封堵水井,捣毁铁路,抢劫和驱逐居民,烧毁城镇......所到之处,那真是鸡犬不留..... 为什么下手这么狠?谢尔曼说啊,我要不摧毁这些东西,南方佬就会用这些去资敌,去补充后勤,去帮助分裂分子以武谋独......我总共就10万军队,不可能打下一个地方就分兵看守,干脆全部三光!

所以,亚特兰大的民众下破了胆,为了避免屠城,只好投降,希望他们能对自己网开一面......可是他们太天真了,谢尔曼说你们以为投降就可以了吗?他要把亚特兰大彻底摧毁,只有这样才能震慑分裂分子。 军队要求所有的亚特兰大市民在两天内离开城市,谢尔曼要烈火焚城。市民们都傻眼了,大家都是美国人,都是同胞,何况我们就是普通民众,你要武统就武统,那去打仗啊,为啥要烧我们的家,我们所有的财产都在这里,你要一把火烧掉?

很多人都不愿意离开城市,万没想到,谢尔曼毫不迟疑,两天后下令火烧全城,所有妄图阻挠的人全部被射杀。这场大火足足烧了半个月,把亚特兰大烧成了白地。 看着漫天大火,说谢尔曼说下了著名的狠话:我们一定要清除和摧毁一切障碍,只要我们认为有必要,就杀死每一个人,夺走每一寸土地,没收每一件财物。

一句话,无情地摧毁我们见到的一切东西……我就是要让整个乔治亚州都鬼哭狼嚎,我就是要让整个乔治亚变成地狱。回想历史上的这个名场面,我只能评价:太牛了! 曾经是南方最繁荣的城市成为废墟,只剩下了一条街幸存下来,成为历史遗迹,今天的亚特兰大完全是重建的。2020年时,这段历史被美国导演克里斯多夫搬上银幕,片名就叫「亚特兰大的燃烧」烈火焚城,仅仅是谢尔曼随手干的一件小事,根本算不上什么。

南北战争中的转折点是维克斯堡战役,当时北方军队攻打时,一直打了9个月打不下来,最后北方军队恼羞成怒,决定将维克斯堡轰成一片废墟。这是真正的无差别攻击,轰隆隆的炮声一直响了47天,一天都没有中断,摧毁了城市里的所有工厂、民房、要塞......连一个房子几乎都找不到了。到最后南佬只能挖地道躲藏,以蛇和老鼠充饥......到1863年7月,美国南方实在扛不住投降,城市中已经尸横遍野。

每年的7月4号,是美国的国庆节,也是维克斯堡投降的日子,但因为美国军队的狠辣手段,从1863年开始,维克斯堡拒绝庆祝美国的国庆,只有在1945年二战快结束的时,仅仅就搞了这一次! 被北方军队残酷对待,南方的美国当然要报复,于是就往死里虐待北佬的战俘,要弄死他们!南北战争期间,美国南方搞的最知名的战俘营,是安德森维尔战俘营,进去了九死一生。所谓的战俘营,几乎就是一片被警戒线围起来的林地,让战俘们进去自生自灭,最高峰时这里关押了近5万北方战俘,所有人妄图逃跑都会被射杀。在里面没有水也没有食物,就靠喝雨水和挖虫子吃,活下来的不到一半。

当谢尔曼知道自己的士兵被残酷对待,他....笑了:你们想和我比狠?告诉你们比我狠的人还没生出来。 刚开始的时候,南方的战俘们被扔进天花蔓延的监狱,让他们直接进去等死。后来,谢尔曼认为这样干是浪费资源了,于是让南方战俘去做肉盾挡子弹,或者让他们去做扫雷器。最狠的时候,谢尔曼直接拉来大量俘虏,命令他们密密麻麻的前进去扫雷,用刺刀和子弹逼迫他们前进……谢尔曼在回忆录中写到:我下令从监狱看守那里带来大量的叛军战俘,拿着铲子,以密集队形沿道路前行,以引爆或挖掉地雷。战俘们苦苦哀求,但我重复命令,看着他们小心翼翼地踩在每一步都可能踩到地雷的路面上令我忍俊不禁,我真是期待看到他们被地雷轰炸的模样。 谢尔曼写这段回忆录的时候想必是眉色飞舞,他原来曾经说过:只有死去的印第安人才是好印第安人。

在南北战争的时候,他估计想的是:只有死去的美国南方人,才是好美国人。总之啊,这样的历史记录到处都是,我完全有理由相信。美国人真的是有所谓平等精神的,他们对日本丢原子弹,绝对不是因为对日本有歧视,如果南北战争的时候就发明了原子弹,谢尔曼一定会丢到美国本土去! 谢尔曼这样残酷的对待南方美国人,林肯他知道吗?我要说他不知道你信吗?他肯定知道并且默许的啊。在战争的初期,美国北方并不占优势,之所以能力挽狂澜,无外乎就是两个原因,一个是林肯搞了宅地法,让美国人疯狂的抢劫印第安人的土地,让他们拥护自己的政策。第二个就是谢尔曼搞了三光政策,正所谓:路边的狗都要挨两巴掌,地上的蚯蚓会被竖着劈开,碰到的鸡蛋会被揺散了黄......所到之处,寸草不生,真真正正的焦土武统..... 让南方的经济直接崩溃,军队失去了所有的后勤保障,抵抗意志完全瓦解。

北方的大扫荡给美国南方造成了难以估量的财产损失,有数以十万计的平民直接死于谢尔曼军团的大扫荡,和抢劫引起的大饥荒,上百万人沦为难民。那么,谢尔曼是美国的罪人吗?谢尔曼说:我不在乎! 他从来没有为他在南方的行动说过任何忏悔和道歉的话。很多人指责他,谢尔曼将军回答道:如果人们觉得我残酷和残忍的话,我就会告诉他们,战争就是战争,它的目的并不是要博得人们的好感。战争就是地狱!如果你们想停止这一切,想要和平的话,你们和你们的亲人就应该放下武器,停止这场战场。

我给你们翻译翻译,简单说就是:谁要你们分裂祖国的?这都是活该! 1891年,谢尔曼病死的时候说:我没有什么可以忏悔和道歉的,我的所作所为无愧于我的良心。谢尔曼干的这些事情,可以说是反人类罪,美国是怎么评价他的呢?对他的评价有正面的,也有负面的,但真正的幕后操作者,也就是林肯,从来都是在美国历届总统中排名前3。可以说没有南北战争北方军队的获胜,美国早就分裂了,更不会成为今天的超级大国。 为什么谢尔曼说他无愧于自己的良心?为什么林肯能成为最伟大总统呢?林肯在开始的时候并不想武统,而是尽最大的可能想和统,在就职演讲的时候,他就说:我无意直接或间接的,去干涉南方州的奴隶制度。

刚就职总统,林肯通过了一个法案,规定国会无权取消各州的奴隶制。很显然林肯是想给南方各州一粒定心丸,希望他们停止分裂活动,最大限度的避免战争。内战爆发的初期,林肯仍继续回避废奴问题,希望南方奴隶主回心转意。北方军队释放奴隶时,林肯还勒令取消。可见他为了和统,已经做出了最大的让步和妥协。在我们的高中历史课本上也写道:林肯就职后,曾试图和解,避免分裂,遭到南方的拒绝。 林肯的善意被南方认为是软弱,并没能阻挡住内战的爆发和升级,却让分裂分子得寸进尺。最终,林肯下定决心,开启了武统之路。给你好话说尽,你只当我好说话,那就别怪我了。我想和统,你们非要逼我武统。那我就一个答案。要么不做,要么做绝!所以,谢尔曼可以理直气壮的说:我没有罪!有罪的,是逼迫我们打仗,妄图分裂国家的叛乱分子!

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 楼主| 发表于 2023-4-30 08:23:05 | 显示全部楼层
Today in History, November 12, 1864:
The burning of Atlanta.
Union Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman and his army had taken Atlanta in September, and subsequently ordered the citizenry to evacuate the city. That order set off a firestorm of complaints and criticism from Confederate military and civilian leaders. Sherman stuck to his guns…the South could expend the resources to care for and secure their populace. Sherman’s supply lines stretched from Nashville, TN and were constantly threatened by Confederate army raids, so he knew he could not hold Atlanta for long.
But then, he didn’t want to. He stayed in Atlanta long enough to rest and build up supplies. On today’s date in 1864 he ordered the industrial district and anything that might prove useful to the enemy burned. The fires spread and eventually as much as 40% of the city went up in flames.
Sherman sent Gen. Thomas back towards Nashville to tie up the Confederate Army of the Tennessee led by Gen. John Bell Hood.
He then took his army east across Georgia, laying waste to the countryside in the same fashion that he had destroyed the city of Atlanta. This horrified the South, and Sherman’s acts are still points of contention. However if you read Sherman’s thoughts on his decisions, he was merely trying to end the war more quickly by reverting back to ancient principles of war. From times when armies fed themselves and armed themselves by living off of the land they were currently in. Sherman and his army took what they needed and destroyed what was left in order to deny the enemy its use. This was also intended to bring the war to the doorstep of the Southern citizens in the hope that they would press for the termination of hostilities.
By Christmas he would be able to send a telegram to President Lincoln: “I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City of Savannah, with one hundred and fifty guns and plenty of ammunition, also about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton.”

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 楼主| 发表于 2023-4-30 08:24:12 | 显示全部楼层
William Tecumseh Sherman: emancipator of the enslaved
John Fea   |  November 1, 2022 Leave a Comment


Here is historian Bennett Parten at Zocalo Public Square:

Americans get Sherman’s March all wrong. Ask anyone who’s seen Gone with the Wind, and they’ll tell you that U.S. General William T. Sherman’s roughly 250-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah marked the swan song of the Confederacy. They’ll recall the burning of Atlanta, a panoramic scene in the film that made cinematic history, and they’ll regard Sherman as most Georgians still do, as the man who laid waste to the state by slashing and burning his way to the coast.

But this story of fire and arms obscures an arguably more important story: Sherman’s famous March doubled as the largest emancipation event in American history, accomplishing on the ground what Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation could do only on paper. It broke the back of the planter class, destroyed Confederate morale, and legitimized the freedom of thousands. And it’s here, deep in Georgia, along a slow-moving body of water known as Ebenezer Creek, where the American case for reparations began. This oft-forgotten origin story is one of the lasting legacies of Sherman’s great March, even if it’s also perhaps the least understood.

From the moment Sherman moved his men out of Atlanta in November 1864, enslaved people fled plantations to meet the soldiers—arriving day and night, as families or as lone escapees. Some made long, circuitous journeys. Others met the marchers right in front of large plantation homes. All acted as a force that propelled Sherman’s army forward. They pointed the way to hidden plantation treasures; they directed soldiers down clandestine footpaths through the woods; they supplied Sherman and his scouting parties with critical pieces of military intelligence. Formerly enslaved people also worked for the army as cooks, valets, or pioneers (a military term for road builders or ditch diggers). Some even lined the roadsides and cheered on the army as it marched past.

Many of the formerly enslaved people who ran to the army went a step further: They decided to follow the army, as refugees, in an effort to make their freedom more secure. Freed refugees had attached themselves to federal armies in other theaters of war but never on a scale such as this. Sherman would later speculate that by the time his army arrived in Savannah, as many as 20,000 freed refugees from slavery followed in its wake; many thousands more may have marched along before turning back somewhere along the way. If true, this number is astounding: 20,000 nearly matched the pre-war population of Savannah, antebellum Georgia’s largest city.
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